These functions protect against Loss Of Control In-flight (LOC-I) accidents. Fourth-generation aircraft use fly-by-wire technology with flight envelope protection functions. The fourth and latest generation of commercial jet aircraft first entered into service in 1988 with the Airbus A320. Combined with the Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS), these evolutions were key to reducing Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) accidents. This generation took advantage of digital technologies to introduce glass cockpits with flight management systems and navigation displays, which significantly improved navigation capabilities and position awareness. The third generation of aircraft was introduced in the early 1980s. A second generation of aircraft quickly appeared with improved autoflight systems. The first generation of commercial jet aircraft were designed in the 1950s and ‘60s with system technologies, which were limited in their capabilities by the analog electronics of that era. In particular, technologies introduced in aircraft systems intentionally evolved with improving safety as their aim. Technological advances are also a crucial enabler for enhancing the level of safety.
A notable part of this success is due to effective regulation, a strong safety culture, and improvements in training.
The continual reduction in accident rates has been achieved by an ongoing commitment of the commercial aviation industry to enable a safe aircraft to be safely operated in a safe air transport system. The Four Generations of Commercial Jet Aircraft infographic is available for download. Flight envelope protection enabled by fly-by-wire technology reduced LOC-I accidentsĪ220, A318/A319/A320/A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, B777, B787, Embraer E-Jets, Sukhoi Superjet
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