Affirming a disjunct – concluding that one disjunct of a logical disjunction must be false because the other disjunct is true A or B A, therefore not B.The following fallacies involve relations whose truth values are not guaranteed and therefore not guaranteed to yield true conclusions. For a compound proposition to be true, the truth values of its constituent parts must satisfy the relevant logical connectives that occur in it (most commonly:, ,, , ). Ī propositional fallacy is an error that concerns compound propositions.
Masked-man fallacy (illicit substitution of identicals) – the substitution of identical designators in a true statement can lead to a false one.Non-sequitur fallacy - where the conclusion does not logically follow the premise.Conjunction fallacy – the assumption that an outcome simultaneously satisfying multiple conditions is more probable than an outcome satisfying a single one of them.Base rate fallacy – making a probability judgment based on conditional probabilities, without taking into account the effect of prior probabilities.Argument from fallacy (also known as the fallacy fallacy) – the assumption that, if a particular argument for a "conclusion" is fallacious, then the conclusion by itself is false.
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